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Crystal glass from Europe, the main origin of Western Europe, Germany, France, Italy and Eastern Europe, Czech, Hungary and so on, each with its own characteristics. Crystal glass is made up of silicon and lead oxide, and each plant has its secret formula, which makes the crystal particularly shiny, and its clarity is concerned with the quality and technique of grinding. Crystal clear crystal glass products, workmanship is very fine, can bring great joy. Whether crystal or crystal glass, are very suitable for home decoration, furnishings and gifts of good material. In general, the price of crystal will be relatively expensive, the current market for high-quality crystal brand to SWAROVSKI Swarovski based. The crystal glass is the crystal material of the crystal clear, but relatively low price, is a good choice for daily necessities and gifts.

With the improvement of people's living standard, domestic popular crystal (crystal) heat, Chanel, Dior and other brand-name fashion with SWAROVSKI crystal crystal decoration, jewelry, ornaments, but also by the exhibits to fashion, shoes and hats, watches. Some famous foreign architectural glass enterprises also produce crystal flat glass and crystal glass construction products, and apply it to high-grade buildings. Overseas, there have been crystal clubs long ago, there are a large number of crystal fans. There are cities and towns such as Crystal Palace Crystal City, specializing in crystal glass processing. But the non academic journals at home and abroad, the enterprise website, promotional materials called crystal crystal, according to the dictionary of Chinese translated as crystal, and not on the traditional quartz crystal (quartzcrystal), K9 optical glass with more than some domestic processing crystal city crystal ball, crystal crafts, crystal glass is crystal glass. Quartz crystal is still the traditional quartz crystal in Jiangsu, East China Sea and so on. The crystal glass has a long history, the ancient times because of glass raw material impurities, the melting temperature is not high, no glass melting is good, there are a lot of unmelted sand, bubbles and other defects, and raw materials of iron and manganese, titanium and other colored metal ions, the glass is often opaque or semi transparent. By thirteenth Century, people in Venice fused colorless, transparent glass with less impurities in quartzite and Levant of sodium containing ash. In fifteenth Century, the quality of more raw materials was further improved, with the Ticino River pure quartz sand and ash water solution recrystallization in soda ash, has significantly improved the transparency of glass than in the past, and the crystal is similar, so named Cristallo, is a kind of sodium calcium crystal, the composition range (mass fraction), [1]SiO270.0%~71.5% Al2O30.8%~1.31%, CaO4.07%~4.72%, MgO1.47%~1.66%, K2O2.84%~4.55%, Na2O15.2%~16.8%, Fe2O30.25%~0.51%, MnO0.26%~0.51%, SO30.19%~0.31%, Cl0.62%~0.92%, P2O50.15%~0.24%, Fe2O3, MnO as the component of impurities in mineral raw materials, Cl and P2O5 were impurities in soda ash. Sodium calcium crystal glass composition and modern glass composition are similar, the content of K2O+Na2O is relatively high, the content of CaO+MgO is relatively low, the fusible glass, suitable for manual operation. After thirteenth Century, Bohemia (Bohemian) in Bohemia (Bohemia, now part of Czech) and Silesia (Silsia) region to establish a dozen glass factory, in addition to the high quality quartz sand as raw material, also containing potassium carbonate wood ash, such as beech forest (beethforests) wood for the introduction of alkali oxides the raw material, made of transparent glass and high refractive index, also known as crystal glass (crystalex), the literature in order to distinguish the Venice crystal glass, called Bohemia crystal (BohemiaCrystalex), used for forest wood as raw material, so it is also called the forest glass (ForextGlass). Bohemian crystal glass is potassium calcium component, containing SiO275%~77%, CaO5%~6% and K2O15%~17%, glass refractive index nD is 1.48~1.49, this system is called potassium calcium crystal glass. Later, in order to improve performance, add Na2O and a little B2O3 in composition, renamed the potassium sodium calcium crystal glass, crystal glass composition of this type of current production in Czech (mass fraction) of SiO275.5%, B2O30.2%, CaO6%, K2O4.8%, Na2O12.8%. Potassium calcium and potassium sodium crystal glass mainly from 90km from Prague with Bohr (Nov? Bor) town, technical index of the products: density 2.444g/cm3, refractive index nD (20 C) was 1.50002 and the average dispersion (20 DEG C) is 830 * 10-5, linear expansion coefficient is 89.1 * 10-7 C -1, resistance acid (according to the standard of ISO719 0.01mol/L HCl at 98 DEG C after the erosion of glass surface is 1.98mg/dm2, weight per unit area) the liquidus temperature of 950 [2]. In the Middle Ages the crystal glass manufacturing technology of Bohemia gradually spread to central and Western Europe, British and French glass factories use Bohemia potassium calcium and potassium sodium calcium glass composition, melting temperature is relatively high, need good wood for fuel, cut down a large number of forests, in 1615 the British crown banned using high-quality wood as fuel glass factory, influence glass factory. In 1670 the British Ravenscroft found PbO in the glass composition, not only reduces the viscosity and melting temperature of the glass, the glass is easy to melt, forming material of long, convenient, and glass gloss increased, more clear, and easy to cut, it will lead glass into production, called leadcrystal. The refractive index, dispersion and density of lead crystal are higher than those of sodium calcium crystal (Cristallo) and potassium calcium crystal (crystalex). The melting, forming and grinding properties of lead crystal are better than those of sodium, calcium and potassium calcium crystals. Therefore, they have been popularized.

Crystal engraving is the laser to the laser machine will be a certain wavelength into the crystal, crystal makes specific parts of the inner fine bubbles burst, and sketched out a crystal processing preset shape, also refers to this process of crystal crafts. Crystal laser engraving principle These glass and crystal crafts are made by computer controlled laser engraving machine. As a matter of fact, most of the handicrafts we see are not genuine crystals, but man-made crystals. "Laser" is the most useful tool for "inner carving" of artificial crystals (also called crystal glass). Laser engraving technology is used to engrave plane or three-dimensional patterns in the inner part of crystal glass. Sculpture is an ancient art, carving techniques are carved from the outside, from the outside of the material carved out of the desired shape, while the laser can be like Sun Wukong, "deep into the hinterland" to show their hands and feet. Careful observation of these glass crystal products, not completely around the "open for knife" and, in this regard, laser than Sun Wukong also a monkey into someone's belly when there are gaps do! Laser engraving principle is also very simple. Can be laser engraved glass, its energy density must be greater than a critical value, the glass damage threshold and laser or, somewhere in the energy density associated with it in the same spot size of a laser beam spot, the smaller places produce more energy density. In this way, through the appropriate focus, can make the laser energy density before entering the glass and reach the processing zone below the damage threshold of the glass, and in the hope of processing area is more than the critical value, the laser pulse is generated in a very short period of time, the energy will instantly make the water crystal heat burst, resulting in small white spots inside the glass, carved out of a predetermined shape, while the rest of the glass or crystal will remain intact. In fact, this is the laser assisted imaging technology. With the development of technology, color engraving is also expected to be realized. Colored crystal inner carving It is inevitable that the inner sculptures of crystal glass become more colorful. The carved crystal glass handicraft has a strong effect on the reflection and refraction of light, optical principle and the blank part has better performance on the transparent light, by the micro control circuit in accordance with the three color palette principle, respectively, control of several colors of light, color mixing in "carving" image, a variety of beautiful changes color, so that the original image carved white showing the effect of a riot of colours, The brightness dazzles the eyes.

The crystal of the variety, quality varies, so buy crystal bracelet is a meticulous and complicated work, not only have a certain professional knowledge, but also have rich practical experience, otherwise not be cheated, waste or economic losses. On the selection of purchase crystal bracelet, there are four tricks can refer to. First, carefully observe whether there are cracks in the crystal bracelet (refers to the fracture pattern, often secondary to transverse distribution), to the inner and outer front, for each bracelet, reverse comprehensive observation, with particular attention to the bracelet has no crack or damage, because of the serious crack is crystal bracelet fatal. Secondly, to find out the bracelet with a keen eye defects (including possible Bracelet color spots, lines are not broken white cotton and native,); at the same time, should pay attention to a bracelet shape is round, the diameter is uniform, polishing is pass. Third, pay attention to whether the size of the bracelet and the size of the blade meet the requirements. This is mainly related to the size and age of the buyer, but also has little to do with personal preference Finally, a good crystal bracelet should have a sense of beauty on its crystal. The best crystal can be transparent and pure, even if there is an inclusion In general, buy Crystal Bracelet should remember four formulas: first check to prevent fatal flaw crack, less work to finish, not difficult to deal with the size, quality of colored Square boutique. The other women in the purchase of crystal bracelet, bracelet size in female hand size, weight, soft and hard. As long as we know the experts pinch the palm, the size of the bracelet. The general lack of female experience, may wish to take the test. Test set set of measures is not the whole hand are set to go, but the thumb in four. The test set, such as through the palm to thumb, feeling is not very tight slightly more than the words, then, this crystal bracelet basically can wear in size more suitable. The wrist bracelet like hanging in the hand, that is large in size, should be re one. Not only have large size Bracelet a tired feeling uncomfortable, like, the way, will often be met, the bracelet damaged. Therefore, selection of appropriate size of bracelet is very important.

Refers to the crystal crafts produced by crystal ornaments. Crystal crafts fine Ying transparent, noble and elegant, light cold, not only has practical value and decorative function, but also can protect the enrichment, loved by the people. Crystal crafts, sophisticated materials, fine workmanship, elegant appearance, with high appreciation value and collection value. Home Furnishing in modern life, dazzling crystal crafts, with its unique fashion and elegant expression of a special passion and artistic taste, are highly preferred. Ambilight, crystal clear about its gorgeous description. A delicate piece of crystal crafts with its bizarre and complicated manual process is many people enjoy the art of love. Crystal crafts series: crystal trophy, crystal laser, crystal vase, crystal vase, crystal perfume bottles, crystal bowl chopsticks, crystal, crystal paintings, crystal ball, crystal screen, office supplies and so on hundreds of tens of thousands of styles. White crystal: increased memory, inspiration, student aid, radiation protection, and health Tea crystal: the treatment of joint bone pain (rheumatic pain) brings good luck and makes people happy Powder: promote feelings, enhance popularity, improve interpersonal relationship, the treatment of heart disease. Huang Shuijing: wealth, help the stomach, treatment of liver disease and skin diseases Amethyst: increase wisdom, good marriage, flourishing home, treat headache, insomnia Green ghost: increase business, is wealth, wealth wealth crystal, venture hope. Red Fajing: confidence, self-confidence, health, youth and help blood circulation. Jin Fajing: Wang wealth, strengthen gas heat, governance asthma, throat, and promote cell growth Green development: Wang, Choi, changing your luck, overcome various ills. Black crystal: evil, cure, strengthen morale, anticancer. Tiger's eye: reduce the mental stress, emotional stability, treatment of trachea, asthma. Tourmaline (tourmaline): health, wealth, crystal, commonly known as "king of crystal", the energy is great, to open up the nervous system and promote blood circulation Aquamarine: increase the language ability, strengthen self-confidence, help the trachea effect is especially good Garnet: promoting blood circulation, curing rheumatism and arthritis, and helping gynecological diseases Obsidian: the removal of systemic disease gas, can ward off evil villains. Red rabbit: adjustment of female physiology, calm emotions, beauty beauty, promote blood circulation and endocrine

Crystal home decoration now can be said to be a hot topic. It will be more or less related to articles, some people will be relatively large, very casual. But you know, some things are not too casual, pay attention to the time to pay attention to. Here, I just want to say something about several crystal ornaments need care. There are different shapes or colors to distinguish gold, wood, water, fire and earth five lines, but used in Feng Shui, the most common is the crystal ball, crystal mountain, crystal cave, crystal crystal column, mascot effect; and there is not much difference, but is focusing on the location and water the crystal fine materials, color and size. 1, crystal placed should not move frequently The time when facing the crystal, sit in meditation and meditation will they want him to focus on visualization. For example: the thought of his own interests, for visualizing successful, so will be able to make money after the days and months multiplying, increase into the financial opportunities. 2, crystal can not be placed in the bedroom For long sleep in a strong magnetic field, easy to cause emotional instability; but placed on the desk or desk, there is no harm 3. Avoid crystal on the computer table or hang over it So the crystal magnetic field and electromagnetic field of computer, this is quite easy to interfere with each other, not profitable, to suffer. 4, choose the door diagonally (Ming Choi) placed Choose crystal ball from the central roof of the living room A crystal ball hung from the roof of the gate Choose auspicious auspicious place Finally to say is, crystal ornaments should not be too small, the minimum will be in more than 6 centimeters.

1, With alcohol wipe. Use cotton dipped in a small amount of alcohol to wipe the surface of crystal gifts, the effect is very good, can make products with time. 2, Car glass cleaner, now on the market this product is more common, the effect is the same as alcohol 3, What is not the premise, use a damp cloth to wipe it again, and then must use dry cloth to wipe again, although this effect is not the two effect is good, but our crystal trophy by cleaning again after guarantee is bright. Crystal brittle, face pressure, anti fall, low temperature, strong alkali and strong acid. Do not collide each other between crystal gifts. Handle with care! Sunshine degaussing cleaning method. The moonlight star irradiation. Sea salt dip method. Salt buried method. Snow buried method. Water purification method. Aromachologie purifying method. Crystal Cluster purification method. Natural cleaning (1) Sunshine degaussing cleaning method: Cleaning method: Just place the stones in direct sunlight, such as the window sill and terrace. The irradiation time is about 30 minutes to 1 hours Matters needing attention: (1) The crystal will produce the focusing effect under the sunlight; if there is paper or other burnable substance near the crystal, it will cause the danger of fire danger (2) If the color spar contains copper and iron elements, it is not suitable for the cleaning method, because these substances by long time exposure in the sun, can produce oxidation, and make to spar fade. Contains copper and iron elements include the color red and purple crystal. (two) moonlight star irradiation: Cleaning method: During the fifteen full moon night, because the night is the moon light is very strong, it is a good time to bask in the sun stone, stone method is very simple, as long as the stone placed in the balcony or window, accept the moonlight exposure for a night time. In addition, also in the starry night, The sky is clear and bright., will spar on the on the terrace, let it absorb the essence of the star, in order to achieve the effect of purification spar. In addition, in addition to the full moon night, you can also choose the full moon before and after a few days, the same for such stone drying methods Matters needing attention: If the violet or red spar is irradiated, please remember that the crystal must be recovered by noon the next day, otherwise the intense sunlight during the day will affect the pigment of the spar and make it fade (three) salt immersion method: Cleaning method: The stone into a glass with an appropriate amount of salt (or salt) ocean dissolve salt water, soak three to four hours, around to spar field. Digestion Matters needing attention: (1) if the crystal is embedded in the metal made ornaments, such as rings, pendants and so on, please first crystal detachment metal just into the brine, otherwise it will affect the metal surface color and brightness. (2) please note that such cleaning methods may cause the inclusions in crystals to change after cleaning (four) sea salt burial method: Cleaning method: Only need to be directly buried in the sea salt spar (or salt) in the heap for a few hours, can purify spar magnetic field. Matters needing attention: (1) if the crystal is embedded in the metal made ornaments, such as rings, pendants and so on, please first crystal detachment metal just put salt buried soak, otherwise it will affect the metal surface color and brightness. (2) please note that such cleaning methods may cause the inclusions in crystals to change after cleaning (five) snow buried method: Cleaning method: Can be directly buried in the snow in the spar for a few hours, can eliminate the magnetic field around the spar. Matters needing attention: But if your crystal volume is larger, it is not suitable for the cleaning method, the main reason is if crystal buried in snow after a period of time to take out, because of snow buried inside and outside temperature difference and shrink thermal expansion, it is possible to make to spar appears burst. (six) clean water purification method: Cleaning method: The stones can be washed under the faucet for about twenty minutes to balance the negative energy of the crystal Matters needing attention: However, it is not suitable to use such cleaning methods because they belong to spar such as pyrite or blue copper ore. The reason is that these ore types contain iron and copper components and can not be washed by water (seven) aromachologie purifying method: Cleaning method: In the room or ignite some sandalwood incense and other aroma materials, and then placed in the spar which received a smoke purification spar magnetic field. Matters needing attention: Light fragrance, please be careful with fire, and pay attention to any flammable items such as paper cloth broken, placed in the purification sparry range near, so as not to cause a fire. (eight) the method of crystal cluster purification: Cleaning method: Please go to the store to buy a piece of crystal is about four pounds or more crystal clusters, then the crystal on the above impurities through the crystal clusters from the energy to charge, but also for spar can clear crystal, eliminate the effect of the magnetic field spar. Matters needing attention: (1) the method of cleaning crystal stone can be done daily. As long as the crystal is not put into the crystal cluster, the crystal can be recharged (2) if the natural crystal cluster can be purchased to purify the crystal, the better effect can be achieved (nine) natural cleaning: Cleaning method: As long as the crystal is placed in the suburbs, so peaceful and harmonious nature all sound, to purify spar magnetic field, the cleaning method can increase the energy of the spar.

The Imperial Palace will be built glass curtain wall, the designer said, with the original building without any connection, will not affect the main structure and foundation. The future, we will see a glass curtain wall in Front Gate one of the Imperial Palace's door, wall hanging "the Imperial Palace Museum," five characters. Insiders said the financial industry insurance, the Imperial Palace artifacts are not insured, the official does not want to disclose. But at present, the domestic commercial art insurance is really not very good sales. In the protection of cultural relics protection, Japan's consciousness is still very strong. The protection of cultural relics is a proper topic in the development of Cultural Relics Tourism resources. Tourism, as a sunrise industry, has the incomparable advantages of traditional industries, and has become a new economic growth point that can not be ignored. Recently, Beijing Architectural Design Institute official website announced that the hospital for the the Imperial Palace on the central axis of the end of the project design sheltered pavilion construction drawings, the sheltered Pavilion is expected to be a steel frame glass curtain wall, curtain wall hanging facilities, "the Imperial Palace Museum" five characters. Beijing Architectural Design Institute said, the whole structure hidden in the sheltered Pavilion veranda door frame of city station building, without any connection with the original building, will not affect the main structure and foundation of Taiwan city gate.